Recruitment is generally the first contact between researchers and prospective participants (whether through paper-based or online announcements, media communications, or face-to-face interactions) ...

Federal regulations at 45 CFR 46.102 item (j), define minimal risk as "... the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated in the research are not greater in and of themselves than ...

Historically, public opinion surveys have relied on the ability to adjust their datasets using a core set of demographics – sex, age, race and ethnicity, educational attainment, and geographic region ...

While there is more than a 100 years of scientific inquiry on research and dissemination practices in the natural and life sciences, until recently bibliometric and social studies on science and ...